Radiator



T. 15:. MURRAY Jan. 21, 1930.

RADIAT OR Filed April 26, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet T. E. MURRAY Jan. 21, 1930.

RADIATOR Filed April 26, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 1N VEJNTOR' Emma E. M/RRA K Jan. 21, 1930.

T. E. MURRAY RADIATOR Filed April 26, 1924 a; Sheets-Sheet a INVENTOR 72mm; 27 .M 21mm) W M AT ORNEY Patented Jan. 21, 1930 radiator uNrriu) STATE-S PATENT OFFICE- THOMAS E. MURRAY, F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK; JOSEPH BRADLEYII'UIRRAY,- THOMAS E. MURRAY, JR., AND

JOHN F. MZURRAY,

DECEASED Application filed April 26,

radiators and similar heating apparatus and aims to provide a radiator including a heating element such for example as conduits to which the heating medium is supplied and means for effecting a heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere over a greatly extended surface. a

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying 1 drawings in which. V

Fig. 1 is a perspective VIGVW of oneform of Fig. 2 is .a transverse section on line 22 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 represent slightly modified forms of the invention, Figs. 4 and 6 bea branch 14 at the center. 16 is secured to the conduits and 12, this ing section taken on ofFigs.3and5;;

v Fig. :7 is a perspective'and Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 thereof, of another modificationf Figs. 9, 10and 11 are perspectives, with one end in vertical section, of three other modificationsf Referring first to Figs. 1. and 2, the radiator comprises a pair of spaced conduits 10 and 12 communicating with one another by A sheet metal shell the lines 44 and 66 shell being formed with a series of ridges 18 and depressions 20 producing a shell of zig- Zag contoui'. The opposite walls of this shell enclose a number of V-shapedspaces or flues 22 through which air from the surrounding atmosphere may freely circulate. The walls of the sheet, metal member are united with the walls of the conduits 10 and 12 so that'the heat from the. heating medium circulated I ferring surface of the conduits is greatly extended, hence,'the heat from said conduits can be rapidly transferred to the surroundingats mosphere. The conduits 10 and 12 in- 1 and 2 are shown of rectangularor square cross-section and may be of various other shapes in cross-section. This provides flat faces to which the walls of the shell may be RADIATOR EXECUTORS 0F SAID rnoams E. M IERAY,

1924. Serial a... 709,080.

secured so as to make a good heat transferring joint. The shell may be .soldered, welded,

brazed (that is, united by heat and pressure to the outside of the conduit) or secured in Earious other ways to the walls of the con,-

uit.

In Figs. 3 and 4, I have shown a slightly modified form of radiator employing a single rectangular conduit 24 and an outer shell 26-inwhich the ridges 28 are directly opposite one another as are also the depressed portions 30 which contact with the side walls of the conduit 24. With this arrangement a plurality of flues 32 are formed which communicate with one another through the more or less restricted portions 34. In thisfigure,

I have shown an inlet pipe 36 for supplying hot water or steam to the conduit 24 and an outlet pipe 38 connected to the opposite end of the conduit. 1

In'Figs. 5 and 6 is illustrated a further modification in which the shell is of substantially the same construction as that shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the heating conduit, however, being formed of a length of bent pipe having an upper arm 49 and a lowerarm 42 con-V nected by an intermediate section 44.' The nds of the pipe are either upset as shown at 46 and 48 or are provided with suitable fittings for connecting with the pipes of the heating system. The shell as shown in this figure is formed of one continuous sheet of,

metal which is corrugated and bent, turned around and joined at the seam 50. The shell maybe electrically welded or otherwise secured (as described above for Figs. 1 and 2) to the portions 40, 42 and 44 of the pipe.

In Figs. 7 and 8 is illustrated a further modification in which a conduit 52 is provided with perpendicular branches 54 which are hollow as" shown in Fig. 8 so as to permit the heating medium to contact with the walls thereof throughout their entire lengths. In this form of thedevicethe extended heat transferring surfaceis secured byproviding a corrugated plate 56 of zig-zag forma- I .tion, and the walls 58 and 60 of the branches 54 are inclined at. suitable angles to engage the zigzag walls of the shell. 7

The oints between the conduits and the plates or fins which provide the extended surface must be of sufiicient area to transmit enough heat to -satisfy the extended area. These plates are actually bonded by a united 5 metal joint such as welding or soldering in order to form an eflicient heat conducting joint. J Figs. 9 to 11 show constructions whereby a generous contact area is secured between the conduits through which the heating medium is circulated and the plates which form extended surfaces. 1

. In Fig. 9 the corrugated plates 78 and 80 are provided with pressed out curved portions 82 5 and 84 which are shaped to fit the curvature of the pipe or conduit 86 through which the heating medium is circulated and which is a single length of tubing bent back and forth as shown complete in Fig. 5. By providing the curved portions 82 and 84 suflicient area is provided to transmit the amount of heat necessary to satisfy the'exte'nded area of thecorrligated plates 78 and 80. The corrugatedplates are preferably soldered, welded or otherwise secured as described for Figs. 1 I. and. 2 to the pipe or conduit 86 so that a .good heat transmitting bond is effected. To relieve the joint of any strains in use which might tend to separate it from the conduit, I provide bolts 88 which pass through the plates 78 and 80 whereby the latter can be drawn together. The recesses in the corrugated sheets shown in this figure and in Figs. 10 and 11 not only secure a. good area of contact but have a vantages in'the making of the soldered or similar joint described by embracing the pipe toform a mechanical lock which holds the parts accurately in position during the soldering operation. The recesses are of less depth than that which would entirely surround the pipe and bring the opposite sheets into' contact. Such contact between the opposite sheets would.interfere with the pressing of the sheets into close engagement with the pipe during the soldering operation. By keeping the sheets slightly apart from each other there is no such interference and the pressure can be exerted to the desired limit 53 and will all be exerted in enforcing a good contact of the sheets with the pipe. Figs. 10 and 12 show a slightly modified arrangement in which conduits 90 and 92 are squared iii cross-section and the corrugated plates 94 and 96 are formed with outwardly pressed bosses 98 and 100 to provide a generous contact area for engagement with the side walls of the square piece 90 and 92. The arrangement shown in Figure 11 issubstantia-lly thesame as that shown in Fig. 10 with the exception that a portion of a radiator is illustrated which is only provided with one conduit 102 through which the heating medium is passed. The conduits 90 and 92 of Fig. 10 may be branches from a common header, in

jtem in which the water runs back and out parallel, or may be connected to each other in series or end to end like 40, 44 and 42 of -Fig. 5. In the form shown in both Figs. 10

kinds of metal. I have determined that'sheet copper is a metal which can be very effectively used for the purpose as it conducts heat much more rapidly than other comparatively common metals such as sheet iron or steel. No claim is made herein to such a use of sheet copper, this being covered in my copending application No. 725,559. '7

r I have referred to the invention as a radiator for a heat conducting element. It will be understood that the appai'atus may be applied to other purposes than those of the ordinary'radiator for heating air. For example, the heat may be conducted away from the fluid in the conduit for the purpose of cooling the latter; the heating of the medium which passes through the radiating structure 1 being incidental to the main purpose. The radiators may be arranged in either of the two common ways; with the inlet for steam at one end and the outlet for water at the other end or according to the one-pipe systhrough the steam inlet. It is important that the steam conduit be made of tubing and preferably in a continuous tube like that of Figs. 5 and 9 without joints. Joints in such a vessel are diflicult to maintain tight especially with the use of steam or other hi h temperature heating medium. Where joints are made in the conduit or vessel, they remain good as long as the temperature is constant. But when subjected a number of times to alteration of high and low temperatures, the joints will not remain tight. The use of a'continuous tube without ]oints makes it possible to use the radiator with steam of the highest temperature and, therefore, toget a large capacity out of a small radiator. Such a tube also resists perfectly the pressure of the steam and avoids difliculties arising from this cause\ in conduits or vessels of other styles. In this 1 5 respect the round tube of Fig. 5 is better than the square tube of Fig. '3. By using copper tubing the bending of it to the desired lines radiator, however, that of Fig. will produce three or four times as great a circulation of air through the radiator and consequently throughout. the room heated; which means a more nearly uniform temperature throughabout one-tenth of the time of the ordinary iron .radiator of the same capacity.

The radiator may be equally used for cooling an by circulating coldbrine or the like through the pipes sothat the latter becomes a heating element only in the negative sense, that is, they extract heat from the radiating struction and induce aflow of the. cool air downward through the flues similar to the upward circulation of air inducedby the passage of steamthrough the pipes.

. The transverse plates forming the corru- "gated structure described are prolonged verti- 2 tube, particularly the tube A of Fig s.-3 and 4:,

cally above the horizontal heat conducting the tube 52 of Fig-7 and the tube 102 ofFig. 11 to a great height relatively to the width of the plates so as to form heated and unimpeded vertical air ducts into the lower ends (and i 30 the open sides in the case of Fig. 7). The

.cool air'passes and rises between the walls of the ducts formed by the plates in the form of a horizontal seriesof vertical columns of air which are progressively heated on both sides by prolonged contact with the'heate'd walls of the ducts .and are thus impelled plates have a close heat conducting relatlon rapidly upward, so as to accelerate the circulation of the heated air columnsupward" from theducts and throughout the room or inclosure to be heated. The transverse to the tube. The heat produced within th e tube is therefore transmitted through the tube to the extended area of the plates forming-the vertical air ducts referred to so that the columns of air ascending are progressively "heated by the prolonged contact with the plates at both sidesof each column,

and the ascent of the air is thus continuously and progressively accelerated. The result is that, instead of a relatively stationary or slowly rising' and laterally diffusing overheated body of air around the heating ele ment, and unde'rheated air in the remainder of the room or inclosure, the present invention produces a greatly accelerated ascent of warm columns of air through the heated ducts and upward therefrom and thus a forced circulation and distribution of" evenly heated airthioughout the entire inclosure.

ThoughI have described with great particularity the particular embodiments of the inventionillustrated, it is not to be construed that I am limited thereto as various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is i 1. A radiator comprising a high temperature heating element extending horizontally and an extended surface radiating structure comprising parts located on opposite and a radiating structure applied to the sides thereof and corrugated in horizontal section and connected to the outside of the tube with a good heat conducting contact so as to conduct heat away therefrom rapidly.

3. A radiator including in combination a heating element, a separately formed radiating structure of sheet metal having portions bearing against the opposite sides of the heating element and fastening members engaging the outer faces of said portions of the radiatingstructure and connected to each other by means passing.v through the radiating structure to hold the latter in close contact with the heating element. "4. A radiator including in combination a heating element, a separately formed radiating structure of corrugated sheet metal having the inner portions of the corrugations bearing against the opposite sides of the heating element and fastening members engaging the outer faces of said portions of the radiating structure and connected to each other tohold the radiating structure in v close contact with the heating element.

5. An extended area radiator for heating and circulating the air of a room, comprising a conduit for the steam or other heating medium extending in a substantially horizontal direction and a radiating structure se- I conduit being in a pluralityof' lengths located one above another.

6. A radiator for heating and circulating the airof a room, comprising a'high temperature heating element, said heating element extending in a substantially horizontal di-' rection, and a radiating structure secured to said heating element and providing air flues extending in a substantially vertical direction and closed at the sides, said radiating structure and flues extending to a substantial height above said heating element, so as to induce a strong vertical draft of the heated air. l

7. An extended area radiator for steam or other high temperature heating medium for,

heating and circulating the air in a room, said radiator comprising in combination a continuous jointless tube bent into a plurality of portions extending back and forth lengthwise of the radiator and a radiating structure applied to the sides thereof and corrugated in horizontal section, the radiating structure being connected to the outside of the tube with a good heat conducting contact so as to conduct heat away therefrom rapidly, and the corrugations forming vertical ducts for inducing an upward draft of the heated air.

8. A radiator for heating and circulating the air of a room, comprising a high temperature heating element extending horizontally and an extended surface radiating structuresecured thereto and shaped to form ver- 'tical flues closed at'the sides and extending beyond the heating element a substantial distance, greater than the vertical dimension of the heating element, so as to induce a strong draft of the heated air. v

9. A radiator for heating and circulating the air of a room, com-prisin a high temperature heating element exten' ing horizontally and an extended surface radiating structure secured thereto comprising a separate sheet of metal corrugated in horizontal section engaging the heating element at the inner. angles-ofthe corrugations to provide a plurality of vertical flues closed at the sides and extending beyond the heatingelement a sub.- stantial distance, greater than the vertical dimension of the heating element, to induce a strong draft of the heated air. a

10. A radiator for heating and circulating the air of a room including in combination a horizontally extending heating element comparatively small in cross-sectlon and an extended-area structure applied thereto; said structure comprising corrugated plates at opposit-e sides forminga series of vertical ducts for the circulation of air,ithe inner portions of the corrugations being shaped to fit the contour of the heating element so as to provide a considerable contact surface for transmission of 'heat to the extended area and to the air passing through said ductsiand to induce a strong upward draft of the heated air, and said inner portions of the opposite plates being secured to each otherat points which are remote from their edges bufioutside of their engagement with the heating element.

11. Aradiator for heating and circulating the air of a room including in combination a horizontally extending heating element comparatively small in cross-section'and an extended-area structure applied thereto; said structure comprising corriigated plates at opposite sides forming a series of vertical ducts,

vertical dimension of the heatin as to induce an upwardcdraft o the heated for the circulation of air, the alternate spaces formed by the corrugations being open at the outside to permit access to the said inner portions and the inner portions of the opposite comparatively small cross section and an extended-area structure engaging the side thereof and forming a seris of air ducts extending vertically beyond said heating element a substantial distance, greater than the element so air... v Q

13. A heater for heating and circulating the air of a" room, including in combination a horizontally extended heating element and an extended area structure engaging the same and comprisin alongitudinal series of transverse heat con ucting plat'esfixed to the heating element in heat conducting relation thereto, said plates being 'substantially free ofintervening obstructions and having a height relatively great compared to their width and forming a longitudinal series of unimpeded heated vertical air ducts extending beyond the heating element a substantial distance, greater than the vertical dimension of the heating element, so as to induce an upward draft of the heated air.

14. A heater for heating and circulating the air of a room, comprising a substantially horizontal heating element and a longitudinal series of transverse plates fixed to said heating element in heat conducting relation thereto; said plates being substantially free of intervening obstructions and rising vertically from the heating element to a height relatively great compared to their width, and forming a longitudinalseries of unimpeded heated vertical air .ducts extending beyond the heating element a substantial distance, greater than the vertical dimension of the heating element, so as to induce an upward draft of the heated air. I

15. A heater for heating and-circulating the air of a room, comprising in combination a substantially horizontal tube for the heatmg med um and a longitudinal series of transverse plates in heat conducting relation thereto, said plates being substantially free o fintervening obstructions and -rising vertically from the tube to aheight relatively great compared to their width and forming a longitudinal series of unimpeded heated vertical air ducts extending beyond the tube a substantial distance, greater than the vertical dimension of the tube, so as to induce an upward draft of the heated air.

It. A radiator including in combination a horizontally extending heating element com paratively small in cross-section and an extended area structure applied thereto; said structure comprising corrugated plates at. opposite sides forming a series of ductsfor the circulation of 'air in paths transversdto the heating element, the inner portions of the corrugations being recessed at points in horizontal alignment to fit the contour of the heating element, said plates being separated from each other and being united to .theopposite sides of the heating element by heat and pressure. v

17. A radiator for heating and circulating air of a room including in combination a horizontally extending heating element comparatively small in crosssection and an extended area structure applied thereto; said structure comprising corrugated plates at opposite sides forming a series of vertical 2G ducts for inducing a draft and circulating the air, the inner portions of the corrugations being recessed at separated points in horizontal alignment to fit the contour of the heating element, being separated from'each other and being united to the oppositesides of the heating element by heat and pressure.

18. An extended area radiator for heating and circulating the air in a room, including in combination an elongated horizontal heating element of relatively small cross-sectional area, two correspondingly shaped heat absorbing and radiating elements conforming to and embracing said heating element and forming vertical air fines, and means for securing the opposing portions of said heat absorbing and radiating elements together at intervals in their height and in intimate heat conducting engagement with said heating element throughout the length thereof.

19. A radiator including in combination a heating element of relatively small cross-sectional area arranged in a plurality of sections approximately parallel to one another, two correspondinglyshaped heat absorbing and radiating elements confirming to and embracing the several sections of said heating element and forming a plurality of air flues arranged side by side and extending continuously across all the sections of said heating 59 element, said heat absorbing and radiating elements being secured together and in intimate heat conducting engagement with said heating element at each side of each section thereof.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

THOMAS E. MURRAY. 

